34
10
The protests in Madagascar were sparked by youth-led demonstrations beginning on September 25, 2025, initially focused on rising utility prices. Over time, these protests escalated into broader calls for President Andry Rajoelina's resignation due to allegations of corruption and mismanagement. The situation intensified when the protests turned deadly, resulting in at least 22 fatalities, which galvanized further public outrage and demands for change.
Andry Rajoelina is the President of Madagascar, who first came to power in 2009 through a military coup. He has been a controversial figure, often criticized for his governance and response to economic issues. Rajoelina's leadership faced increasing challenges, culminating in widespread protests led by the youth and a military rebellion that ultimately forced him to flee the country in October 2025.
The military played a pivotal role in the political turmoil in Madagascar. As protests grew, factions within the army began to side with the demonstrators, particularly the elite Capsat unit, which had previously supported Rajoelina. This shift in allegiance signaled a loss of control for the president, leading to a military-backed coup attempt and his eventual flight from the country to ensure his safety.
Gen Z movements have increasingly influenced global politics by leveraging social media to organize and mobilize protests. In Madagascar, young people united online to voice their dissatisfaction with the government, leading to significant street demonstrations. This generation's activism often focuses on issues like climate change, social justice, and economic inequality, challenging traditional political structures and demanding accountability from leaders.
Madagascar has a history of political instability marked by coups. The most notable include the 2009 coup that brought Andry Rajoelina to power, ousting then-President Marc Ravalomanana. This was followed by a transitional government and elections that failed to stabilize the country. The recent events in 2025 represent another chapter in this tumultuous history, as protests and military actions echo past struggles for democratic governance.
The protesters in Madagascar demanded the resignation of President Andry Rajoelina, citing corruption, economic mismanagement, and rising living costs as primary grievances. They sought accountability and reforms to address the systemic issues plaguing the country, including demands for better governance and a response to the deadly violence that erupted during the protests.
France responded to the crisis in Madagascar by facilitating the evacuation of President Andry Rajoelina, reportedly airlifting him out of the country amid the escalating violence and military rebellion. This intervention reflects France's historical ties to Madagascar and its interests in maintaining stability in the region, particularly given the potential implications for French nationals and investments.
The implications for Madagascar's future are significant, as the recent unrest could lead to a power vacuum and further instability. The military's involvement raises concerns about the potential for authoritarian rule or continued violence. Additionally, the youth-led protests indicate a demand for political reform, which, if ignored, could lead to ongoing civil unrest and hinder economic development.
The events in Madagascar are part of a broader trend of global youth activism, where young people increasingly challenge established political systems. Similar movements have been seen in countries like Belarus, Hong Kong, and the United States. These youth-led efforts often utilize social media to coordinate protests and amplify their messages, highlighting issues like climate change, social justice, and economic inequality.
The potential outcomes of the unrest in Madagascar could vary widely. On one hand, it might lead to a transitional government that addresses the protesters' demands for reform and accountability. Conversely, it could result in a military takeover, further repression, or a return to authoritarian rule. The situation remains fluid, and the response from both the international community and local factions will significantly shape the country's trajectory.
