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Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman's visit to the US signals a potential strengthening of ties between Saudi Arabia and the United States. It may lead to new agreements on energy, defense, and regional security, especially regarding Iran and Israel. Additionally, the visit could help rehabilitate MBS's image following international criticism over human rights issues, particularly the Khashoggi case.
US-Saudi relations have evolved from a strategic partnership based on oil and security post-World War II to a more complex relationship influenced by regional conflicts, human rights concerns, and economic interests. The relationship faced strain during the Obama administration, particularly over the Iran nuclear deal, but has seen a resurgence under Trump, focusing on arms deals and energy cooperation.
The Khashoggi case significantly impacted global perceptions of Saudi Arabia and MBS. Jamal Khashoggi, a journalist critical of the Saudi regime, was murdered in 2018, leading to widespread condemnation and calls for accountability. This incident strained diplomatic relations and raised questions about human rights practices in Saudi Arabia, influencing how Western leaders engage with MBS.
During MBS's visit, key agreements are anticipated in energy, particularly liquefied natural gas (LNG) supply deals with US companies. Additionally, discussions on defense cooperation and security guarantees are likely, as MBS seeks stronger ties amid regional tensions, particularly with Iran. The visit may also address diplomatic normalization with Israel.
Public opinion in the US regarding MBS is largely negative, primarily due to the Khashoggi murder and ongoing human rights abuses in Saudi Arabia. Many Americans view him as a controversial figure, and his visit may face protests from human rights advocates. However, some in the business and political sectors see potential benefits in strengthening ties.
Oil has historically been a cornerstone of US-Saudi relations, with the US relying on Saudi Arabia as a key oil supplier. This relationship underpins economic partnerships and security arrangements, as stable oil prices are crucial for both economies. Recent discussions on energy have shifted towards renewable sources and LNG, reflecting changing global energy dynamics.
MBS's leadership style is seen as assertive and reformist, characterized by his Vision 2030 initiative aimed at diversifying the Saudi economy. However, it is also perceived as authoritarian, with crackdowns on dissent and limited political freedoms. His approach has garnered both support for modernization efforts and criticism for human rights abuses.
MBS is seeking enhanced security guarantees from the US amid regional threats, particularly from Iran. This includes military support and advanced weaponry to bolster Saudi defenses. The aim is to ensure Saudi Arabia's stability and security in a volatile region, especially as tensions with Iran and its proxies continue to rise.
Previous US administrations have differed significantly in their approaches to Saudi Arabia. The Obama administration focused on human rights and a cautious engagement strategy, particularly after the Arab Spring. In contrast, the Trump administration emphasized transactional relationships, prioritizing arms sales and economic ties, often sidelining human rights concerns.
The Arab Spring in 2011 had a profound impact on Saudi Arabia, prompting the government to implement reforms to quell dissent and maintain stability. The regime increased spending on social programs and security measures to prevent uprisings. It also led to a more aggressive foreign policy, particularly in Yemen, to counter perceived threats from Iran and regional instability.
