13
The Abraham Accords are a series of agreements aimed at normalizing relations between Israel and several Arab nations, initiated in 2020. The accords marked a significant shift in Middle Eastern diplomacy, as countries like the UAE and Bahrain established formal ties with Israel, focusing on economic cooperation and security partnerships. The accords are named after Abraham, a figure common to Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, symbolizing hopes for peace in the region.
Mohammed bin Salman (MBS) became Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia in June 2017 after his father, King Salman, removed his cousin, Mohammed bin Nayef, from the line of succession. MBS's rise was marked by his ambitious Vision 2030 plan, aimed at diversifying the Saudi economy away from oil dependency and modernizing the kingdom. His leadership style has been characterized by significant reforms, but also by controversial actions, including the crackdown on dissent and the murder of journalist Jamal Khashoggi.
The F-35 fighter jet represents advanced military technology and is significant for Saudi Arabia as it enhances the kingdom's defense capabilities. The potential deal to supply F-35s is viewed as a strategic move to bolster Saudi Arabia's military strength amid regional threats, particularly from Iran. Additionally, acquiring such cutting-edge technology aligns with MBS's goals of modernizing the Saudi military and asserting its influence in the Middle East.
US-Saudi relations have evolved significantly since the 1940s, initially rooted in oil and security partnerships. The relationship strengthened during the Cold War, with the US providing military support in exchange for oil. However, it has faced challenges, especially after events like the 9/11 attacks and the Khashoggi murder, which strained ties. Recent developments, such as the Abraham Accords and arms deals, indicate a renewed focus on strategic cooperation, despite ongoing concerns about human rights and regional stability.
Jamal Khashoggi's murder in 2018 had a profound impact on Saudi Arabia's international reputation, leading to widespread condemnation and calls for accountability. It strained US-Saudi relations, with many lawmakers demanding sanctions against the kingdom. The incident highlighted issues of human rights and freedom of the press in Saudi Arabia, complicating diplomatic engagements. However, recent visits by MBS to the US suggest a gradual rehabilitation of his image and a focus on strengthening bilateral ties despite the controversy.
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) deals between Saudi Aramco and US companies signify a deepening economic partnership and a shift towards energy diversification. These agreements are crucial as they align with global energy trends, where natural gas is increasingly seen as a cleaner alternative to oil. For Saudi Arabia, this move supports its Vision 2030 initiative to diversify the economy and reduce reliance on oil revenues, while for the US, it strengthens its position as a key energy supplier.
The US benefits from partnerships with Saudi Arabia primarily through economic ties, security cooperation, and access to oil. Saudi Arabia is one of the largest oil suppliers to the US, contributing to energy security. Additionally, military sales and defense agreements bolster the US arms industry and enhance regional stability. These partnerships also provide the US with a strategic ally in countering Iranian influence in the Middle East, thus supporting broader American foreign policy objectives.
During his visit to the US, MBS is expected to seek stronger security guarantees from the US amid regional tensions with Iran. These guarantees may include enhanced military support, advanced weaponry, and intelligence sharing to counter perceived threats. MBS aims to solidify Saudi Arabia's defense posture, particularly in light of recent attacks on Saudi oil facilities and ongoing conflicts in the region, ensuring the kingdom's stability and security in an increasingly volatile environment.
Oil has historically been the cornerstone of US-Saudi relations, providing mutual benefits since the 1940s. For the US, Saudi oil supplies have been crucial for energy security and economic stability. Conversely, for Saudi Arabia, the US has provided military protection and political support in exchange for access to its oil. Although the US has diversified its energy sources, oil remains a significant factor in diplomatic negotiations and economic partnerships, influencing broader geopolitical dynamics in the region.
The potential normalization of relations between Saudi Arabia and Israel, as part of the broader Abraham Accords framework, could significantly reshape Middle Eastern geopolitics. If Saudi Arabia moves towards formal ties with Israel, it may encourage other Arab nations to follow suit, further isolating adversaries like Iran. This shift could enhance regional stability and foster economic collaboration, but it may also provoke backlash from Palestinian groups and complicate the Israeli-Palestinian peace process.
